A floristic study on the diatom was carried out in coastal area at two seasons, August 2014 and April 2015, from three islands in the northern area of Yellow Sea of South Korea. A total of 117 species of diatoms, including 3 classes, 9 subclasses, 20 orders, 32 families and 54 genera, were identified based on LM and SEM examinations. Three species of diatoms, Gyrosigma obscurum, Pleurosigma frenguellianum, and P. sabangi were newly recorded in Korea. The historical synonyms of the species are presented for the floristic informations, the examined specimen for the each taxon is specified, and the distribution in three islands and detailed sampling localities of each taxon are given.
Diatom is a major group and most common in marine waters (Round et al.1990), and plays a major role in the primary production of marine or freshwater ecosystems (Ishii et al. 2011, Round et al. 1990). Diatoms are important in marine waters, contributing up to 45% of the primary production (Andrew and Toby 2003). In the floristic level, they are very diverse and are composed of more than 200 genera and 100,000 species worldwide (Round et al.1990, Hasle and Syvertsen 1996, Mann 1999).
Diatom flora occurring in the coastal and marine waters around Korean Peninsula were summarized to some check-lists before 1995, and the number of diatom species amounts to be 538 taxa (Lee and Cho 1985). Lee (1990) arranged a check-list of the marine fossil diatoms and Lee et al. (1995) made a check-list of 1457 diatom species from 1929 to 1993 in Korea, Lee (1995) made a checklist of 761 diatom species in Korean coastal waters. In the recent time, many authors have collected the planktonic and periphytic diatoms in the marine waters, and a number of species are newly reported with these floristic studies (Lee and Park 2008, Jung et al. 2009, Park and Lee 2010, Yun and Lee 2010, Lee and Lee 2011, Lee et al. 2012, 2013, Park et al. 2013, 2014) However, taxonomic or floristic studies of diatoms have not been reported in the three Islands (Baeknyeong, Daecheong, Socheong) in Yellow Sea of Korea, because these area adjoin the Northern Limit Line (NLL). NLL is important area in Korea, the disputed maritime boundary between North Korea and South Korea in the Yellow Sea.
Recently, the importance of biological diversity has been increasing emphasized, and the discovery of indigenous species as biological resources is recognized as an urgent national task. Due to the importance of biodiversity and bio-sovereignty in recent, check-list of indigenous species became to recognize the importance.
A master plan of “The Project on Survey and Excavation of Korean Indigenous Species” of the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) under the Ministry of Environment of Korea is performing from 2006 to present. We conducted the survey and excavation of diatoms in marine and brackish waters of Korea from 2006 to the present. In consideration of these reasons, the large numbers of new record diatom species have been discovered in Korea. Lee et al. (2012) reported the newly recorded diatoms in Korea in the first conclusive study of the species, reporting 60 species in 39 genera based on light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Park et al. (2014) reported twenty newly recorded pennate diatoms in the marine and brackish ecosystem in Korea.
The purpose of this paper is to provide the floristic information of the diatom and add new recorded species of three diatom species in the in the Three Islands (Baeknyeong, Daecheong, Socheong) from Yellow Sea of Korea. We presented the floristic informations; basionym, synomym, reference, specimen information, occurrence of the diatom in the study area.
The flora of diatom was examined at 10 stations on August 11-12, 2014 and April 22-23, 2015 from the Baeknyeong, Daecheong, and Socheong Islands in Yellow Sea of Korea (Table 1). All samples were collected using a 20-µm mesh-sized plankton nets by vertical and/or horizontal towing. Samples were immediately fixed with neutralized formalin (final concentration, 4%), glutaraldehyde (final concentration, 2%) or Lugol’s solution (Sournia 1968). To make the permanent slide and to examine the fine structures of the cells, samples were cleaned of cell organelles and organic matters with concentrated HCl and saturated KMnO4 following the Hasle and Fryxell (1970)’s modified method. Permanent slides were made with natural samples, fixed samples, and the acid-cleaned materials. The permanent slides were observed using a LM of Axioskop 40 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) and Eclipse 80i (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) with bright-field and differential interference contrast optics (Nikon) with a DS-Fil digital camera (Nikon).
[Table 1.] A showing the sampling sites from the three islands in Korea
A showing the sampling sites from the three islands in Korea
The others cleaned samples were attached to aluminum stubs and coated with gold-palladium, coated samples were examined using a JSM- 5600LV SEM (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). Sizes of the diatom species were analyzed with Axio Vision AC ver. 4.5 image calculation software (Carl Zeiss). Diatom identifications were mainly based on Hendey (1964), Round et al. (1990), Hasle and Syvertsen (1996), and a number of references.
One hundred seventeen diatom species were identified from three islands in Korea. Of these, the three species,
Division Bacillariophyta
Class Bacillariophyceae Haeckel 1878
Subclass Bacillariophycidae Mann 1990
Order Achnanthales Silva 1962
Family Achnanthaceae Kützing 1844
Family Achnanthidiaceae Mann 1990
Family Cocconeidaceae Kützing 1844
Order Bacillariales Hendey 1937
Family Bacillariaceae Ehrenberg 1831
Order Cymbellales Mann 1990
Family Cymbellaceae Greville 1833
Order Naviculales Bessey 1907
Family Amphipleuraceae Grunow 1862
Family Berkeleyaceae Mann 1990
Family Diploneidaceae Mann 1990
Family Naviculaceae Kützing 1844
Family Pleurosigmataceae Mereschowsky 1903
Order Surirellales Mann 1990
Family Surirellaceae Kützing 1844
Subclass Fragilariophycidae Round 1990
Order Fragilariales Silva 1962
Family Fragilariaceae Greville 1833
Order Licmophorales Round 1990
Family Licmophoraceae Kützing 1844
Order Rhaponeidales Round 1990
Family Rhaphoneidaceae Forti 1912
Order Thalassionematales Round 1990
Family Thalassionemataceae Round 1990
Class Coscinodiscophyceae Round & Crawford 1990
Subclass Coscinodiscophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Order Coscinodiscales Round & Crawford 1990
Family Coscinodiscaceae Kützing 1844
Family Heliopeltaceae Smith 1872
Family Hemidiscaceae Hendey 1937
Order Melosirales Crawford 1990
Family Hyalodiscaceae Crawford 1990
Family Melosiraceae Kützing 1844
Family Stephanopyxidaceae Nikolaev
Order Paraliales
Family Paraliaceae Crawford 1990
Subclass Rhizosoleniophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Order Rhizosoleniales Silva 1962
Family Rhizosoleniaceae De Toni 1890
Class Mediophyceae (Jousé & Proshkina-Lavrenko) Medlin & Kaczmarska 2004
Subclass Biddulphiophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Order Biddulphiales Krieger 1954
Family Biddulphiaceae Kützing 1844
Order Hemiaulales Round & Crawford 1990
Family Hemiaulaceae Heiberg 1863
Order Triceratiales Round & Crawford 1990
Family Triceratiaceae (Schütt) Lemmermann 1899
Subclass Chaetocerotophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Order Chaetocerotales Round & Crawford 1990
Family Chaetocerotaceae Ralfs 1861
Subclass Cymatosirophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Order Cymatosirales Round & Crawford 1990
Family Cymatosiraceae Hasle, von Stosch & Syvertsen 1983
Subclass Lithodesmiophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Order Lithodesmiales Round & Crawford 1990
Family Lithodesmiaceae Round 1990
Subclass Thalassiosirophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Order Thalassiosirales Glezer & Makarova 1986
Family Skeletonemataceae Lebour 1930
Family Stephanodiscaceae Glezer & Makarova 1986
Family Thalassiosiraceae Lebour 1930
>
Achnanthes brevipes
Synonyms:
References: Agardh 1824, p. 1; Gaillon 1833, p. 10; Heiberg 1863, p. 118; Cleve 1895, p. 193; Hendey 1951, p. 41, pl. 16, figs. 9, 10; Hohn and Hellerman 1966, p. 117, pl. I, figs. 7, 8.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080007 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
[Table 2.] Check-list of diatom speices from the three islands in Korea
Check-list of diatom speices from the three islands in Korea
Continued
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Achnanthes groenlandica
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Cleve and Grunow 1880, p. 20; Peragallo 1921, p. 10; Cleve 1873, p. 25, pl. 4, fig. 23.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080002 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Achnanthes longipes
Synonym:
References: Agardh 1824, p. 1; Gaillon 1833, p. 10.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081022 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Achnanthes subconstricta (Meister)
Basionym:
References: Toyoda et al. 2003, p. 369; Meister 1932, p. 40, pl. 14, fig. 113.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Planothidium septentrionalis (Østrup)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Østrup 1910, p. 215, pl. 13, fig. 21; Lange-Bertalot and Krammer 1987, p. 46, pl. 80, figs. 24-31, pl. 82, figs. 1-24, pl. 90, figs. 3, 4; Round and Bukhtiyarova 1996, p. 353; Lange-Bertalot 1997, p. 208.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Cocconeis pseudomarginata
References: Gregory 1857, p. 492, pl. 9, fig. 27.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080022 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Cocconeis scutellum
References: Ehrenberg 1838, p. 194, pl. 14, fig. 8.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Cocconeis stauroneiformis (Smith)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Smith 1853; Rabenhorst 1864, p. 101; Van Heurck 1880, pl. 29, figs. 10, 11; Okuno 1957, p. 217, pl. 6, fig. 2.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080017 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Bacillaria paxillifera (Muller)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Müller 1786, p. 54, pl. 7, figs. 3-7; Gmelin 1791, p. 3903; Schrank 1823, p. 539; Brébisson 1838, p. 12; Heiberg 1863, p. 113; Cleve and Grunow 1880, p. 85; Gomont 1892, p. 239; Marsson 1901, p. 254; Elmore 1921, p. 143, pl. 20, figs. 761-763.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081005 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Hantzschia virgata (Roper)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Roper 1858, p. 23, pl. 3, fig. 6; Cleve and Grunow 1880, p. 104; Kuntze 1898, p. 409.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080009 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Nitzschia bilobata
References: Smith 1853, p. 42, pl. 15, fig. 113.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Nitzschia valdestriata
References: Aleem and Hustedt 1951, p. 19, fig. 5a-b.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Grunow ex Cleve)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Cleve 1897, p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 23; Hasle 1993, p. 319.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080001 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Tryblionella acuminata
Synonym:
References: Smith 1853, p. 36, pl. 10, fig. 77; Grunow 1878, p. 73.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080025 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Tryblionella coarctata (Grunow in Cleve & Grunow) Mann in
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Grunow 1880, p. 68; Round et al. 1990, p. 678.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Cymbella aspera (Ehrenberg)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Kützing 1833, p. 543, pl.13, fig. 9; Ehrenberg 1840, p. 206; Kützing 1844, p. 79, pl. 6, fig. 4b; Brun 1880, p. 57, pl. 9, fig. 16; Cleve 1894, p. 175.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Halamphora coffeiformis (Agardh)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Agardh 1827, p. 627; Kützing 1844, p. 108, pl. 5, fig. 37; Smith 1853, p. 19, pl. 30, fig. 251; Schönfeldt 1907, p. 211; Levkov 2009, p. 179, pl. 91, figs. 1-14, pl. 94, figs. 17-27, pl. 99, figs. 15-23.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014080017 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Parlibellus berkeleyi (Kutzing)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Kützing 1849, p. 106; Cox 1988, p. 21, figs. 6-10, 16.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080017 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Parlibellus rhombiformis (Hustedt)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Hustedt 1944, p. 273, fig. 6; Cox 1988, p. 25.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Diploneis weissflogii
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Schmidt 1873, p. 406, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4; Cleve 1894, p. 91.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081021 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Meuniera membranacea (Cleve) Silva in
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Cleve 1897, p. 24, pl. 2, figs. 25-28; Meunier 1910, p. 319, pl. 33, figs. 37-40; Hustedt 1959, p. 833, fig. 1176; Hasle and Syvertsen 1996, pp 273, 339.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080006 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Navicula directa (Smith) Ralfs in
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Smith 1853, p. 56, pl. 18, fig. 172; Pritchard 1861, p. 906.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081015 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Navicula gregaria
Synonym:
References: Donkin 1861, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 10; Kuntze 1898, p. 553.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Navicula perminuta Grunow in
Synonyms:
References: Van Heurck 1880, p. pl. 14, fig. 7; Cleve 1895, p. 14; Hustedt 1939, p. 627, figs. 78-79; Van Landingham 1975, p. 102, pl. 7, fig. 7.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081001 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Trachyneis aspera (Ehrenberg)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Ehrenberg 1840, p. 213; Ehrenberg 1841, p. 135; Kützing 1844, p. 106, pl. 29, fig. 12, p. 106, pl. 29, figs. 20, 22; Smith 1853, p. 61, pl. 19, fig. 194; Cleve 1894, p. 191; Kuntze 1898, p. 551.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080025 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Carinasigma rectum (Donkin)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Donkin 1858, p. 23, pl. 3, fig. 6; Cleve 1894, p. 119; Reid 2012, p. 96, pl. 19, fig. 9.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080007 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Gyrosigma fasciola (Ehrenberg)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Ehrenberg 1839, p. 157; Smith 1852, p. 9, pl. 2, fig. 6; Griffith and Henfrey 1856, p. 303, pl. 11, fig. 21; Kuntze 1891, p. 919.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Gyrosigma littorale (Smith)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Smith 1852, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 8; Griffith and Henfrey 1856, p. 303, pl. 11, fig. 19; Kuntze 1891, p. 919; Cleve 1894, p. 116.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Gyrosigma obscurum (Smith)
Valves vaulted, slightly linear, sigmoid, tapering to obtuse apices. Lenth 120–130 µm, width 11–12 µm with perpendicular striae. Central area slightly convex with elliptical raphe nodule, and narrow central bars.
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Smith 1852, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 11; Griffith and Henfrey 1856, p. 302, pl. 11, fig. 27; Kuntze 1891, p. 919.
Specimen examined: slide NIBRDI0000134567 in National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon.
Occurrence:
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Pleurosigma aestuarii (Brebisson ex Kutzing)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Smith 1853, p. 65, pl. 31, fig. 275; Kützing 1849, p. 890; Griffith and Henfrey 1856, p. 302, pl. 11, fig. 35; Van Heurck 1885, p. 115.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080024 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Pleurosigma amara
References: Stidolph 1992, p. 349, figs. 44-51.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041008 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Pleurosigma angulatum (Quekett)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Quekett 1848, p. 438, pl. 8, figs. 4-7; Smith 1852, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 8.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2015040027 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Pleurosigma frenguellianum
Valves linear-lanceolate, sigmoid, with slightly acute apices. Lenth 200–210 µm, width 20–22 µm. Transverse striae 22-25 in 10 µm, longitudinal striae 22–25 in 10 µm with diagonal striae. Raphe sternum single curvature, narrow, thickened, almost central, and sigmoid towards the apices. Central area slightly raised and convex with narrow central bars, surrounding the elliptical raphe nodule. No central hyaline arear. Polar endings with well-developed helictoglossa, slightly turned towards the concave side of the valve. Apices with one or two isolated pores around the helictoglossa.
References: Sar et al. 2014, pp 157-160, figs. 25-47.
Specimen examined: slide NIBRDI0000134569 in National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon.
Occurrence:
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Pleurosigma inflatum
Synonyms:
References: Shadbolt 1853, p. 16, pl. I, fig. 9; Brébisson 1854, p. 255, fig. 7; Smith 1856, p. 96.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041021 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Pleurosigma rigidum
Synonyms:
References: Smith 1853, p. 64, pl. 20, fig. 198; Griffith and Henfrey 1856, p. 302, pl. 11, fig. 30; Kuntze 1891, p. 919.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080015 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Pleurosigma sabangi
Valves sigmoid, with strongly convex outline and slightly round apices. Lenth 200–220 µm, width 28–32 µm. Transverse striae 20-22 in 10 µm, longitudinal striae 20–22 in 10 µm with diagonal striae. Raphe sternum single curvature, narrow, thickened, sigmoid towards the apices. The raphe sternum located central in central area on the valve but located convex side on the valve toward apices. Central area slightly convex. No central hyaline arear.
References: Meister 1932, p. 32, figs. 77, 78.
Specimen examined: slide NIBRDI0000134568 in National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon.
Occurrence:
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Pleurosigma tenuiforme
References: Quillfeldt 2000, p. 222, figs. 1-7.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041030 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Petrodictyon gemmoides (Østrup) Mann in
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Østrup 1897, p. 277, pl. 1, fig. 14; Round et al. 1990, p. 674.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080024 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Castracane 1886, p. 50, pl. 14, fig. 1; Round et al. 1990, p. 664.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081026 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Ceratoneis closterium
Synonyms:
References: Ehrenberg 1839, p. 157; Smith 1853, p. 42, pl. 15, fig. 120; Rabenhorst 1864, p. 163; Van Heurck 1885, p. 185; Kuntze 1898, p. 410.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Tabularia fasciculata (Agardh)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Agardh 1812, p. 35; Sommerfelt 1826, p. 190; Williams and Round 1986, p. 326, figs. 46-52; Greville 1827, pl. 291; Kützing 1833, p. 561, fig. 40; Lange-Bertalot 1980, p. 750; Agardh 1832, p. 50; Kützing 1844, p. 68, pl.15, figs. 6, 10, 11; Hohn and Hellerman 1966, p. 130, pl. 2, fig. 24.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080008 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Licmophora flabellata (Greville)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Greville 1827, pl. 289; Agardh 1831, p. 42.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041008 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Licmophora paradoxa (Lyngbye)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Lyngbye 1819, p. 211; Agardh 1828, p. 32.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080024 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Delphineis minutissima (Hustedt)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Hustedt 1939, p. 599, figs. 14, 15; Simonsen 1987, p. 252; Sar et al. 2007, p. 72, fig. 5A-J.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081008 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Cleve 1883, p. 482; Castracane 1886, p. 55, pl. 24, fig. 6; Mereschkowsky 1902, p. 78.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080005 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Coscinodiscopsis commutata (Grunow) Sar & Sunesen in
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Grunow 1884, p. 79; Sar et al. 2008, p. 418.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080030 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Coscinodiscopsis jonesiana (Greville) Sar & Sunesen in
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Greville 1862, p. 22, pl. 2, fig. 3; Sar et al. 2008, p. 418.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080027 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Coscinodiscus asteromphalus
Synonym:
References: Ehrenberg 1844, p. 77; Grunow 1884, p. 78.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2015040019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Coscinodiscus centralis
Synonyms:
Grunow 1884;
References: Ehrenberg 1844, p. 78; Grunow 1884, pp 77, 79.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Coscinodiscus granii
References: Gough 1905, p. 338, fig. 3b.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080029 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Coscinodiscus radiatus
References: Ehrenberg 1840, p. 68, pl. 3, fig. 1a-c.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081002 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Coscinodiscus wailesii
References: Gran and Angst 1931, p. 448.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080011 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Actinoptychus senarius
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Ehrenberg 1838, p. 172, pl. 21, fig. 6; Ehrenberg 1843, p. 400, pl. 1.1, fig. 27, pl. 1.3, fig. 21; Kützing 1844, p. 132, pl. 1, fig. 24; Pritchard 1861, p. 839, pl. 5, fig. 88.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080024 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Actinoptychus splendens (Shadbolt) Ralfs ex
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Shadbolt 1854, p. 16; Pritchard 1861, p. 840.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080017 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Actinocyclus curvatulus Janisch in
Synonym:
References: Schmidt 1878, pl. 57, fig. 31; Grunow 1884, p. 83, pl. D, fig. 15.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080015 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Actinocyclus normanii (Gregory)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Greville 1859, p. 80, pl. 6, fig. 3; Hustedt 1957, p. 218.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2015040019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Actinocyclus octonarius var. octonarius
Synonym:
References: Ehrenberg 1837, p. 61; Kützing 1844, p. 134, pl. 21, fig. 25.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080028 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Actinocyclus octonarius var. ralfsii (Smith)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Smith 1856, p. 86; Pritchard 1861, p. 835; Hendey 1954, p. 557.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080009 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Actinocyclus octonarius var. tenellus (Brebisson)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Brébisson 1854, p. 257, pl. 1, fig. 9; Hendey 1954, p. 557.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080004 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Actinocyclus vestigulus
References: Watkins and Fryxell 1986, p. 296, figs. 9-16; Hasle and Syvertsen, 1996, p. 123.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080012 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Roperia tesselata (Roper) Grunow ex
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Roper 1858, p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 1a, b; Pritchard 1861, p. 835; Pelletan 1889, p. 158, fig. 417.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080012 and stub LJH2015020019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
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Hyalodiscus scoticus (Kutzing)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Kützing 1844, p. 50, pl. 1, figs. 2-3; Trevisan 1848, p. 95; Grunow 1879, p. 690, pl. 21, fig. 5.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Podosira stelligera (Bailey)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Bailey 1854, p. 7, fig. 10; Smith 1856, p. 54, pl. 49, fig. 328; Lagerstedt 1876, p. 9, fig. 1; Mann 1907, p. 242.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080003 and stub LJH2014081014 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Melosira nummuloides (Dillwyn)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Dillwyn 1809, p. 43, pl. B; Lyngbye 1819, p. 184, pl. 63, fig. C; Agardh 1824, p. 8; Bory 1831, p. 102; Trevisan 1848, p. 96.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081022 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Stephanopyxis palmeriana (Greville)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Greville 1865, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 9; Grunow 1884, p. 38.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080026 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Stephanopyxis turris (Greville) Ralfs in
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Greville and Arnott 1857, p. 538, pl. 14, fig. 109; Pritchard 1861, p. 826, pl. 5, fig. 74.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Ehrenberg 1838, p. 170, pl. 21, fig. 5; Kützing 1844, p. 55, pl. 2, fig. 7; Smith 1856, p. 59, pl. 53, fig. 338; Janisch 1862, p. 10, pl. 1A, figs. 3-4; Heiberg 1863, p. 33; Cleve 1873, p. 7.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080013 and stub LJH2015040002 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Proboscia indica (Peragallo)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Peragallo 1892, p. 116; Ostenfeld and Schmidt 1901, p. 160; Gran 1908, p. 56; Hernández-Becerril 1995, p. 254.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081014 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Rhizosolenia setigera
References: Brightwell 1858, p. 95, pl. 5, fig. 7; Sundström 1986, p. 104, figs. 286–288; Hernández-Becerril 1995, p. 264, figs. 44, 45; Hasle and Syvertsen 1996, p. 157, pl. 30.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Rhizosolenia setigera f. pungens (Cleve-Euler)
Synonym:
References: Cleve-Euler 1937, 43, fig. 10; Brunel 1962, p. 66, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6; Hernández-Becerril 1995, p. 264, figs. 36–40; Hasle and Syvertsen 1996, p. 157, pl. 30; Sar 1996, p. 381.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081005 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Trigonium alternans (Bailey)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Bailey 1851, p. 40; Van Heurck 1885, p. 208; Mann 1907, p. 290.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080020 and stub LJH2014081028 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Cerataulina dentata
References: Hasle and Syvertsen 1980, p. 87, figs. 65, 72-94, 97; Hasle and Syvertsen 1996, pl. 33, figs. a-c.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080030 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Eucampia zodiacus
Synonyms:
References: Ehrenberg 1839, p. 156; Smith 1856, p. 25, pl. 61, fig. 378; Schmidt 1888, pl. 141, fig. 28.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080003 and stub LJH2015041027 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Odontella aurita (Lyngbye)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Lyngbye 1819, p. 182, pl. 62, fig. D; Agardh 1832, p. 56; Brébisson 1838, p. 12.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081007 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Odontella longicruris (Greville)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Greville 1859, p. 163, pl. 8, fig. 10; Cupp 1943, pp 157-161, fig. 111; Hoban 1983, p. 283.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014080018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Triceratium dubium
Synonyms:
References: Brightwell 1859, p. 180; pl. 9, fig. 12; Cleve 1883, pp 503, 508; Cleve 1901, p. 31; Chavez and Baumgartner 1983, p. 68, figs. 2, 3, 9, 10, 11.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081028 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Triceratium favus
Synonyms:
References: Ehrenberg 1840, p. 79, pl. 4, fig. 10; Van Heurck 1885, p. 208; Cleve 1901, p. 31; Peragallo 1903, p. 687.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080004 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Trieres mobiliensis (Bailey) Ashworth & Theriot 2013 (
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Bailey 1851, p. 40, pl. 2, figs. 34-35; Grunow 1882, pl. 101, figs. 4-6; Grunow 1884, pp 6, 58; Ashworth et al. 2013, p. 1220, 1221.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081006 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Trieres sinensis (Greville) Ashworth & Theriot 2013 (
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Greville 1866, p. 81, pl. 9, fig. 16; Grunow 1884, p. 58; Ashworth et al. 2013, p. 16
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080027 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Bacteriastrum hyalinum
Synonyms:
References: Lauder 1864, p. 8, pl. 3, fig. 7; Peragallo and Peragallo 1897-1908, p. 470; Frenguelli 1928, p. 543.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros affinis
Synonyms:
References: Lauder 1864, p. 78, pl. 8, fig. 5; Cleve 1873, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 13, pl. 3, fig. 15; Schütt 1895, p. 37, fig. 1.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080022 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros concavicornis
Synonym:
References: Mangin 1917, p. 9, figs. 5-7; Braarud 1935, p. 92.
Specimen examined: stub LJH20140810019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros contortus
References: Schütt 1895, p. 44.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros curvisetus
References: Cleve 1889, p. 55.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081029 and slide LJH2014080026 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros danicus
References: Cleve 1889, p. 55.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros debilis
Synonym:
References: Cleve 1894, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 2; Schütt 1895, p. 39, fig. 7.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2015040023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros decipiens
Synonyms:
References: Cleve 1873, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 5a, 5b; Cleve 1897, p. 21; Schütt 1895, p. 43, pl. 4, fig. 14.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros didymus
References: Ehrenberg 1845, p. 75.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080030 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros laciniosus
References: Schütt 1895, p. 38, pl. 4, fig. 5.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080022 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros lorenzianus
Synonym:
References: Grunow 1863, p. 157, pl. 5, fig. 13; Lauder 1864, p. 78, pl. 8, fig. 12.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080030 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros protuberans
Synonym:
References: Lauder 1864, p. 79, pl. 8, fig. 11; Gran and Yendo 1914, p. 72, fig. 5.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080022 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros radicans
Synonym:
References: Schütt 1895, p. 48, pl. 5, fig. 27; Cleve 1896, p. 30, figs. 4-6.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros similis
References: Cleve 1896, p. 30, pl. 1, fig. 1.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041010 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Chaetoceros socialis
Synonyms:
References: Schütt 1895, p. 41, pl. 4, fig. 10a, pl. 5, fig. 10b, d; Proschkina-Lavrenko 1953, p. 51, fig. 38; Proschkina-Lavrenko 1953, p. 51, figs. 3f-j; Proschkina-Lavrenko 1963, p. 113, pl. 21, figs. 8-15; Lauder 1864, p. 77, pl. 8, fig. 1; Tsarenko et al. 2009, p. 42.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080022 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Cymatosira belgica Grunow in
References: Van Heurck 1881, p. pl. 45, figs. 38-41.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081013 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Plagiogrammopsis vanheurckii (Grunow) Hasle, von Stosch & Syvertsen 1983 (
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Van Heurck 1881, p. 145, pl. 36, fig. 4; Hasle
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080006 and stub LJH2014081012 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Ditylum brightwellii (West) Grunow in
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: West 1860, p. 149, pl. 7, fig. 6; Bailey 1862, p. 332, pl. 7, figs. 6, 10, 11, p. 332, pl. 7, figs 12-14; Van Heurck 1885, p. 196, pl. 114, figs. 3-9.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081014 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Detonula pumila (Castracane)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Castracane 1886, p. 89, pl. 9, fig. 8; Peragallo 1888, p. 81, pl. 6, fig. 46; Cleve 1900, p. 22, pl. 8, figs 12, 13; Gran 1900, p. 113; Bergon 1903, p. 69; Pavillard 1913, p. 126; Pavillard 1925, p. 23, fig. 33.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081008 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Cyclotella litoralis
References: Lange and Syvertsen 1989, pp 343-344, figs. 1-30.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080003 and stub LJH2015041019 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Cymatotheca weissflogii (Grunow)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Van Heurck 1882, pl. 126, fig. 13; Kuntze 1898, p. 408; Hustedt 1955, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 6; Hendey 1958, p. 41, pl. 5, fig. 9; Tremarin et al. 2008, p. 1103, figs. 3-4, 61; Lehmkuhl et al. 2010, p. 319, fig. 25.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080008 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Planktoniella blanda (Schmidt) Syvertsen &
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Schmidt 1878, pl. 59, figs. 35-37; Desikachary 1989, pl. 742, figs. 1-7, pl. 743, figs. 1-5, pl. 744, figs. 1-5; Hasle 1993, p. 304, figs. 19-31; Hasle and Syvertsen 1996, p. 40, pl. 2.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Porosira pentaportula
References: Syvertsen and Lange, 1990, p. 144, figs. 1-21.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041003 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Shionodiscus poroirregulatus (Hasle & Heimdal)
Basionym:
Synonym:
References: Hasle and Heimdal 1970, p. 573, pl. 10, figs. 55-60, pl. 11, figs. 61-64, pl. 13, figs. 71, 72; Alverson et al. 2006, p. 260.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira allenii
References: Takano 1965, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 9-11, pl. 2, fig. 1.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041014 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira anguste-lineata (Schmidt)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Gran 1897, p. 30, pl. 2, fig. 33; Schmidt 1878, pl. 59, fig. 34; Jørgensen 1899, p. 15; Gran 1900, p. 115; Fryxell and Hasle 1977, p. 73, figs. 22-34.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081021 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira binata
References: Fryxell 1977, p. 244, figs. 24-38.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081015 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira constricta
References: Gaarder 1938, p. 6, fig. 6.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041018 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira curviseriata
References: Takano 1981, p. 34, figs. 1C, 26-28.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041001 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira decipiens (Grunow)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Grunow 1878, p. 125, pl. 4, fig. 18; Van Heurck 1882, pl. 91, fig. 10; Jørgensen 1905, p. 96, pl. 6, fig. 3.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081027 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira eccentrica (Ehrenberg)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Ehrenberg 1840, p. 146; Cleve 1904, p. 216; Jørgensen 1905, p. 96, pl. 6, fig. 6.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2014081030 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira gravida
Synonyms:
References: Cleve 1896, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 14-16; Meunier 1910, p. 264, pl. 29, figs. 67-70; Cleve-Euler 1951, p. 74; Manguin 1954, p. 115, figs. 9, 51; Woodhead and Tweed 1960, p. 239.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041009 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira lundiana
References: Fryxell 1975, p. 64, pls. 3, 4.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080023 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira mala
References: Takano 1965, p. 1, fig. 1a-m, pl. 1, figs. 1-8.
Specimen examined: stub LJH2015041025 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira minicosmica
References: Park and Lee 2015, p. 164, figs. 1-33.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080024 and stub LJH2015041013 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii
Synonym:
References: Cleve 1873, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 1; Cleve-Euler 1951, p. 71.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080026 and stub LJH2015041002 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira punctigera (Castracane)
Basionym:
Synonyms:
References: Castracane 1886, p. 167, pl. 3, fig. 1; Gran and Angst 1931, p. 443, fig. 19; Hasle 1983, p. 602.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080008 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
>
Thalassiosira tenera
References: Proschkina-Lavrenko 1961, p. 33, pl. 1, figs. 1-4, pl. 2, figs. 5-7.
Specimen examined: slide LJH2014080028 and stub LJH2015041020 in Sangmyung University, Seoul.
Occurrence:
One hundred seventeen diatom species representing 3 classes, 9 subclasses, 20 orders, 32 families and 54 genera were investigated from 10 stations of Baeknyeong, Daecheong, and Socheong Islands in Yellow Sea of Korea. Three species,
The most species rich genus were
The most frequent species were
Diatom flora and newly recorded taxa have not reported and published from Baeknyeong, Daecheong, and Socheong Islands in Yellow Sea of Korea. This study contributes to the understanding of diatom flora and diversity of Korea. Further in-depth taxonomic and floristic studies should be examined in various regions of marine, brackish and fresh water in Korea.
