The members of the family Varunidae are familiar in the intertidal zone. They live in crevices and under stones on rocky shores or burrow into soft sediments. As a result of the ongoing inventory work on the Korean crabs deposited in the Laboratory of Systematics and Molecular Evolution, Seoul National University, revealed that two crabs, Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura and Watanabe, 2005 and Sestrostoma toriumii (Takeda, 1974), are new to the Korean decapod fauna.

Hemigrapsus penicillatus s. l. was one of the most common crabs in the Korean intertidal zone. Takano et al. (1997) found that H. penicillatus s. l. is divided into two species by protein electrophoretic analysis. In the recent work, Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura and Watanabe, 2005 is separated from H. penicillatus by some morphological characters, size of setal patches and patterns of spots (Asakura and Watanabe, 2005). Yamasaki et al. (2011) distinguished these sibling species by the molecular based method. We examined H. penicillatus s. l. deposited in the Laboratory of Systematics and Molecular Evolution, Seoul National University from 1954 to 2011. As a result, we separated 743 individuals of H. penicillatus and 808 individuals of H. takanoi from our speciemens. Now, the genus Hemigrapsus Dana, 1851 in Korea is composed of five species: H. longitarsis (Miers, 1879), H. penicillatus (De Haan, 1835), H. sanguineus (De Haan, 1835), H. sinensis Rathbun, 1929 and H. takanoi Asakura and Watanabe, 2005.

Three species of the genus Sestrostoma have been recorded worldwide (Ng et al., 2008): Sestrostoma balssi (Shen, 1932), S. depressum (Sakai, 1965), and S. toriumii (Takeda, 1974). The members of the genus Sestrostoma occur in the burrows of thallassinids, callianassids and echiurans (Davie, 1992; Sakai, 2000; Anker et al., 2005). Of these, only Sestrostoma balssi was recorded in Korean fauna (Kim, 1973). During the ongoing study on the Korean crabs, Sestrostoma toriumii (Takeda, 1974) were collected. The descriptions and the illustrations of Hemigrapsus takanoi and Sestrostoma toriumii are provided herein.

The specimens examined in this study were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. All drawings were prepared using camera lucida on a Nikon SMZ800 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). All characters were measured using a digital slide caliper Mitutoyo CD- 6CSX (Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan) to the nearest 0.1 mm. The abbreviations CW, CL, and G1 refer to the carapace width, carapace length and first gonopod of the male, respectively. The width of the carapace was measured across the widest breadth including the longest anterolateral tooth on each side. The length of the carapace was measured across the middle of the carapace from the tip of the longest lobe of the frontal border to the posterior border, including any tubercles along the posterior border. The specimens examined in the present study are deposited in the Marine Arthropod Depository Bank of Korea (MADBK), Seoul National University.

Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802

Superfamily Grapsoidea Macleay, 1838

Family Varunidae H. Milne Edwards, 1853

Genus Hemigrapsus Dana, 1851

^1*Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura and Watanabe, 2005 (Figs. 1,2)

Grapsus (Eriocheir) penicillatus De Haan, 1835: 60, Pl. 11, fig. 5 (in part).

Hemigrapsus penicillatus: Miyake et al., 1962 (in part); Kim, 1973: 473, Pl. 42, fig. 159 (in part); Sakai, 1976: 650, Pl. 222, fig. 2 (in part).

Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura and Watanabe, 2005: 279, figs. 1-7.

Material examined. Korea: 31♂♂, 28 ♀♀, Incheon, 6 Jun 1954; 2♂♂, 66♀♀, Chungcheongnam-do: Boryeongsi, Daecheon-dong, 25 Jul 1957; 6♂♂, 1♀, Taean-gun, Anmyeon- eup, 12 May 1964; 105♂♂, Incheon, 14 Apr 1968; 1♂, Jeollanam-do: Yeosu-si, Dolsan-eup, 14 Jun 1969; 2♂♂, Jeju-do: Jeju-si, Iho-dong, 11 Aug 1969; 12♂♂, 10♀♀, Incheon, 25 Apr 1970; 42♂♂, 10♀♀, Incheon, 9 May 1971; 3♂♂, 1♀, Chungcheongnam-do: Seocheon-gun, Biin-myeon, 20 Jul 1971; 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Seocheon-gun, Biinmyeon, 23 Jul 1971; 2♂♂, 3♀♀, Jeollabuk-do: Buan-gun, Wido-myeon, 13 Apr 1972; 2♂♂, Incheon, 21 Jul 1973; 14♂♂, Busan: Haeundae-gu, Jung-dong, 16 Jul 1974; 3♂♂, Jeollanam-do: Jindo-gun, 3 Aug 1974; 10♂♂, 4♀♀, Jeollabuk- do: Buan-gun, 8 May 1978; 3♂♂, Busan: Gangseo-gu, Songjeong-dong, 24 May 1978; 1♂, Gyeongsangnam-do: Namhae-gun, Sangju-myeon, Sangju-ri, 8 Oct 1978; 1♂, 3♀♀, Gimhae-si, Jillye-myeon, Songjeong-ri, 31 Oct 1978; 17♂♂, 14♀♀, Jeollabuk-do: Gunsan-si, Okdo-myeon, 25 Jul 1980; 2♂♂, Gyeongsangbuk-do: Yeongdeok-gun, Ganggu- myeon, Opo-ri, 12 Aug 1982; 4♂♂, 4♀♀, Busan, Sahagu, Dadae-dong, 27 Aug 1984; 4♂♂, Jeollanam-do: Jindogun, 25 Jul 1994; 28♂♂, 15♀♀, Chungcheongnam-do: Taean-gun, Anmyeon-eup, 26 Jun 2000; 11♂♂, 5♀♀, Taean-gun, Anmyeon-eup, 27 Jul 2000; 1♂, Seosan-si, Daesan- eup, Ungdo-ri, 30 Jun 2000; 2♂♂, 1♀, Taean-gun, Anmyeon-eup, 1 Jul 2000; 3♂♂, 4♀♀, Jeollanam-do: Haenam- gun, Hwawon-myeon, Jugwang-ri, 27 Aug 2000; 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Gyeonggi-do: Hwaseong-si, Ujeong-eup, Hogok-ri, 29 Sep 2000; 1♂, 1♀, Hwaseong-si, Ujeong-eup, Hogok-ri, 30 Sep 2000; 2♂♂, 8♀♀, Incheon, 14 Oct 2000; 6♂♂, 5♀♀, Jeollanam-do: Goheung-gun, Bongnae-myeon, 20 Oct 2001; 4♂♂, Chungcheongnam-do: Seosan-si, Daesaneup, Ungdo-ri, 22 Jun 2002; 1♂, Jeollabuk-do: Buan-gun, 27 Apr 2003; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Buan-gun, 22 Aug 2003; 16♂♂, 10♀♀, Buan-gun, 23 Aug 2003; 96♂♂, 63♀♀, Incheon, 24 Jan 2006; 21♂♂, Gyeongsangnam-do: Goseong-gun, Donghae-myeon, Yongjeong-ri, 25 Apr 2009; 3♂♂, Masansi, Jinjeon-myeon, Imyeong-ri, 25 Apr 2009; 1♂, 1♀, Chungcheongnam- do: Seocheon-gun, Seo-myeon, Wolho-ri, 14 May 2009; 24♂♂, Gyeongsangbuk-do: Pohang-si, Nam-gu, Daebo-myeon, Daebo-ri, 10 Oct 2009; 21♂♂, 15♀♀, Jeollanam- do: Jindo-gun, 15 Jun 2011; 8 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Chungcheongnam- do: Taean-gun, Nam-myeon, Mongsan-ri, 17 Jun 2011.

Comparative materials. Hemigrapsus penicillatus: Korea: 2♂♂, Incheon, 6 Jun 1954; 4♂♂, Incheon, 14 Apr 1968; 1♂, Jeollanam-do: Yeosu-si, Dolsan-eup, 14 Jun 1969; 2♂♂, 3♀♀, Jeju-do: Jeju-si, Chuja-myeon, 10 Aug 1969; 1♂, Jeju-si, Samyang-dong, 12 Aug 1969; 3♂♂, Seogwiposi, 15 Aug 1969; 4♂♂, 2♀♀, Seogwipo-si, 10 Aug 1970; 2♂♂, Incheon, 17 Jul 1973; 3♂♂, Busan: Haeundae-gu, Jung-dong, 16 Jul 1974; 1♂, Jeollanam-do: Jindo-gun, 3 Aug 1974; 1♂, Busan: Gangseo-gu, Songjeong-dong, 24 May 1978; 1♂, Gangwon-do: Gangneung-si, 5 Oct 1981; 2 ♂♂, Gyeongsangbuk-do: Yeongdeok-gun, Ganggu-myeon, Opo-ri, 12 Aug 1982; 3♂♂, Uljin-gun, Jukbyeon-myeon, 15 Aug 1982; 3♂♂, 1♀, Jeju-do: Jeju-si, Chuja-myeon, 15 Jul 1985; 2♂♂, Seogwipo-si, 28 Jun 1992; 9♂♂, Jeollanam- do: Jindo-gun, 25 Jul 1994; 1♂, Docho-myeon, Uido- ri, 14 Aug 1998; 1♂, Jeollabuk-do: Buan-gun, Gyehwamyeon, 28 Sep 2003; 1♂, Jeollanam-do: Jindo-gun, 29 Jun 2004; 2♂♂, Gyeongsangnam-do: Geoje-si, Hacheongmyeon, 29 Aug 2005; 1♂, Namhae-gun, 31 Aug 2005; 3♂♂, Jeollanam-do: Yeosu-si, Dolsan-eup, 1 Sep 2005; 1♂, Jejudo:

Seogwipo-si, 17 Oct 2005; 13♂♂, 9♀♀, Seogwipo-si, 17 Oct 2005; 2♂♂, Jeju-si, Hangyeong-myeon, Sinchangri, 25 Oct 2005; 3♂♂, 1♀, Gujwa-eup, Hado-ri, 26 Oct 2005; 24♂♂, 5♀♀, Gujwa-eup, Gimnyeong-ri, 27 Oct 2005; 2♂♂, 1♀, Seogwipo-si, 27 Oct 2005; 5♂♂, Gyeongsangnam- do: Geoje-si, Hacheong-myeon, 11 May 2006; 19♂♂, 17♀♀, Jeju-do: Seogwipo-si, 13 Oct 2006; 4♂♂, 2♀♀, Jeju-si, Udo-myeon, 14 Oct 2006; 33♂♂, 5♀♀, Seogwipo-si, 15 Oct 2006; 1♂, 1♀, Gujwa-eup, Hado-ri, 15 Oct 2006; 45♂♂, 29♀♀, Seogwipo-si, 17 Oct 2006; 54♂♂, 22♀♀, Seogwipo-si, 28 May 2007; 7♂♂, 3♀♀, Gujwa-eup, Hado-ri, 28 May 2007; 3♂♂, Jeju-si, Aewoleup, 30 May 2007; 3♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Seogwipo-si, 1 Jun 2007; 33♂♂, 54♀♀, Gujwa-eup, Hado-ri, 12 Jul 2007; 11♂♂, 2♀♀, Gyeongsangnam-do: Ulsan, Ulju-gun, Seosaengmyeon, Jinha-ri, 11 Apr 2009; 1♂, Jeollanam-do: Yeonggwang-gun,

Nagwol-myeon, 16 Apr 2009; 44♂♂, Gyeongsangnam- do: Goseong-gun, Donghae-myeon, Yongjeong-ri, 25 Apr 2009; 20♂♂, Masan-si, Jinjeon-myeon, Imyeong-ri, 25 Apr 2009; 7♂♂, Jeollanam-do: Jindo-gun, 17 Jun 2009; 106♂♂, Gyeongsangbuk-do: Pohang-si, Nam-gu, Daebomyeon, Daebo-ri, 10 Oct 2009; 76♂♂, 13♀♀, Jeollanamdo: Wando-gun, Wando-eup, Mangseok-ri, 20 Jun 2010.

Description. Carapace (Figs. 1A, 2A) quadrilateral, about 1.2 times as broad as long, width narrow posteriorly. Cardiac region, gastric region and branchial region divided by distinct H-formed groove. Surface smooth and hairless. Lateral border bearing 3 distinct teeth in both directions, decreasing in size posteriorly. Supraorbital border deep and slightly angulated. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 2B, C) broad. Ischium quadrilateral, inner border circular. Margins of merus and ischium slightly convex.

Male chelipeds (Figs. 1,2D) robust and smooth, each one almost same size; comparatively large and inflated. Basal of

fixed finger having well developed bundle of soft setae, diameter of setal patches about 0.5 times as broad as dactylus length. Dactylus slightly curved to ventral, cutting edges with several well developed granulated teeth.

Ambulatory legs (Fig. 1) flatten. Dactylus, propodus and carpus having several rows of setae. Meri of first-third pereopods bearing single distal spine on extensor margin.

Male abdomen (Fig. 2E) consisting of seven plates, lateral limits divergent posteriorly, each lateral and distal border with short setae. Telson triangular.

G1 (Fig. 2F) stout, trigonal, straight, almost equal width; external part having dense setae.

Habitat. Live under boulders in intertidal zone.

Distribution. Japan, France, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, and Korea (this study).

Remarks. Hemigrapsus takanoi closely resembles H. penicillatus even in the shape of their G1 (Sakai, 2007). These species can be distinguished by some characteristics: 1) H. takanoi has small spots on the cephalothorax, abdomen, third maxillipeds, and chelipeds. However, H. penicillatus has larger and darker spots; 2) in male, H. penicillatus has small size of setal patches, while H. takanoi has definite large size of setal patches (Asakura and Watanabe, 2005). The present specimens are well agreed with the original descriptions.

We investigated the distribution of these two species in the Korean peninsula. H. takanoi occurred mostly in the western coast of Korea, and appeared rarely in the south-eastern coast of Korea. H. penicillatus, however, mainly occurred in the southern coast (Table 1, Fig. 3).

Genus Sestrostoma Davie and Ng, 2007

^1*Sestrostoma toriumii (Takeda, 1974) (Fig. 4)

Acmaeopleura toriumii Takeda, 1974: 17, figs. 2, 3; Davie, 1992: 351; Sakai, 2000: 1158, fig. 1i-j; Anker et al., 2005: 179.

Sestrostoma toriumii: Davie and Ng, 2007: 267.

Material examined. Korea: 11♂♂ (CW 3.3-5.7 mm, CL

2.8-4.8 mm), 10♀♀ (CW 3.8-5.1 mm, CL 3.2-4.4 mm), Gyeongsangnam-do: Changwon-si, Daecheon-dong, 13 Jun 1999; 1♀, Busan, Dadae-dong, 28 Apr 1985; 1♂, 5♀♀, Changwon-si, Daecheon-dong, 23 Feb 1997; 1♀, Namhaegun, Seo-myeon, 1 Jul 1998; 8♂♂, 1♀, Namhae-gun, Samdong- myeon, 2 Jul 1998; 1♂, Namhae-gun, Gohyeon-myeon, 29 Jul 1999.

Comparative materials. Sestrostoma balssi: Korea: 1♂ (CW 8.47 mm, CL 6.89 mm), Incheon: Deokjeok-myeon, 12 Jun 1968; 7♂♂ (CW 12.01-15.39 mm, CL 8.95-11.22 mm), 11♀♀ (CW 10.24-14.58 mm, CL 8.22-10.85 mm), Jeollabuk- do: Gunsan-si, Seamangeum, 24 Oct 2003.

Description. Carapace (Fig. 4A) quadrilateral, more or less angulated in median part of each lateral border, being slightly wider than long; 0.8-0.9 times as long as wide. Dorsum moderately and evenly convex in both directions. Surface naked and glabrous, but minutely and irregularly punctate under binocular microscope. Lateral and posterior borders

narrowly rimmed; posterior border straight and only slightly narrower than frontal width. Front almost truncated only with dorsal obsolete depression in middle, being fringed with narrow rim; width 2.4-3.5 mm and just one fourth of carapace width. Suborbital ridge of male (Fig. 4C) composed of nine smooth and transverse tubercles, but those of female (Fig. 4H) forming one crest. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 4D) broad and completely closed in buccal cavern. Ischium and merus widely sculptured with large depression. Palp stout with extremely long apical hairs exceeding posterior end of ischium in natural position.

Chelipeds (Fig. 4B) minutely granulated, equal and large with inflated palms; outer surface of palm ornamented transverse ridge, with small tuft comparatively slender and fringed with sparse hairs. Tips of fingers meeting, or crossing only slightly.

Ambulatory legs (Fig. 4A) comparatively slender and fringed with sparse hairs; both borders of meri being covered with minute granules.

Anterior sternal plates (Fig. 4G) with distinct medial groove.

Male abdomen (Fig. 4E) narrowly triangular. Female abdomen (Fig. 4I) broadly triangular.

G1 (Fig. 4F) long, slender, with corneous process apically. Gonopore of female operculate, circular in shape.

Habitat. Mud and coarse sand, associated with thallassinid Upogebia major and echiurid Ochetostoma erythrogrammon.

Colour. Preserved specimens in 75% ethyl alcohol are cream or light brown colored.

Distribution. Japan (Onagawa Bay, Yamaguchi Bay), Hong Kong and south coast of Korea (this study).

Remarks. According to the original description of Takeda (1974), the suborbital crest as a stridulatory organ of Sestostroma toriumii in males consists of 9 tubercles. As the sexual differences of this species, the female has a plain ridge without granulation. The present specimens agree very well with the original description.

The carapace of S. toriumii looks very similar to S. balssi. Davie and Ng (2007) mentioned that the adult body size differs clearly between the two species: Sestrostoma balssi reaches as large as 17 mm of carapace width, while S. toriumii is a smaller species with the largest specimens attaining a maximum carapace width of approximately 8 mm. In the present study, two species also showed a remarkable difference on the size of the carapace as depicted in the morphometric analysis (Fig. 5). In addition, the current specimens of S. toriumii are smaller (approximately 3.3-5.7 mm) than the size of the carapace mentioned in the description of Davie and Ng (2007). The distribution of S. toriumii is limited to the southern coast of the Korean peninsula (Fig. 6).

Korean name: 1*？д？？？？？(？？？)

Korean name: 1*？？？？？？？？？？(？？？)